Tomorrow starts a week that is sometimes known as “Holy Week” in the larger world of Christendom, because it is the week before the anniversary of the resurrection of Jesus. There are many dates that we’d like to know in the Bible with more precision, like the date of Christ’s birth, etc. But the day of His resurrection is one that we do know for sure, it is the Sunday after Passover, a date we can know for sure every year. This is not to say that what we call Easter should be made a high holy day, because we celebrate Christ’s resurrection every first day of the week as Christians have done from the beginning of the church. But I thought perhaps it might be an interesting topic for this blog to follow Jesus along through the Gospels on the last few days of His physical life on earth. At the end of each day we’ll try to draw some important observations for ourselves.
Before I begin with the Sunday before His death, I’ll start with a point of interest, that I believe that Jesus was put to death and buried on a Thursday rather than Friday. This is not the traditional view, but neither is it a radical one. The first hint that it was actually on a Thursday is that a death and burial on a Thursday fits Jesus’ own prophecy that He would be in the tomb three days and three nights. Jesus said,“for just as JONAH WAS THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS IN THE BELLY OF THE SEA MONSTER, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (Matthew 12:40).” If Jesus was buried on Friday, and if He arose on Sunday before dawn (as all the Gospels affirm), He would only have been in the tomb 2 days and 2 nights — if you count as the Jews did, Jesus would have been in the tomb…
Day (6AM to 6PM) | Night (6PM to 6AM) |
Friday day (one hour of the day) | Saturday evening (6PM to 6AM) |
Saturday day (6AM to 6PM) | and Sunday (6PM to His resurrection) |
Burial on Thursday, however, gives Him 3 days and 3 nights…
Day (6AM to 6PM) | Night (6PM to 6AM) |
Thursday Thursday day (one hour of the day) | Friday evening (6PM to 6AM) |
Friday day (6AM to 6PM) | Saturday evening (6PM to 6AM) |
Saturday day (6AM to 6PM) | Sunday evening (6PM to His resurrection) |
But what about the day after the crucifixion being the Sabbath day? John 19:31, 32 tells us, “Then the Jews, because it was the day of preparation, so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. So the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who was crucified with Him;” The answer is not obvious to the non-Jew, but every high holy day (and Passover was a “high day”) was considered a Sabbath (see Leviticus 23:4-8, Numbers 28:16-18). Passover was given to be a specific date in a specific month, so just like our Fourth of July, it was on a different day of the week every year, not just a Saturday. On the weeks in which there was a holy day like Passover, 6 out of 7 times there would be two Sabbaths celebrated that week — one for the holy day and one for the 7th day. In this case, it would appear that these two Sabbaths were be back to back, a Friday Passover Sabbath followed immediately by a Saturday Sabbath. When we understand that there could be, and likely were, two Sabbaths back to back that week, the three days and three nights prophecy lines up perfectly with a Sunday resurrection, the Sabbath objection disappears, and Jesus’ crucifixion on Thursday rather than Friday makes sense.
All this, for the most part, doesn’t matter a whole ton — the crucifixion of Jesus happened, the resurrection on the first day of the week happened. However, fixing the date of Passover to a Friday, along with other historical markers in the Bible (the story of the wise men, the rule of the governor Quirinius, and the rule of Pilate) does help us to set this world-changing event more firmly in history. The Friday Passover that fits best with all the other historical marker is April 11, AD 27 making the date of Christ’s death and burial April 10, AD 27 and the date of His resurrection, Sunday, April 13, AD 27. The ability to place this date into an historical context is just one more evidence (among many others) that the crucifixion really happened, the resurrection was real, we are really saved from sins, and we have a real hope (confident expectation) of eternal life.
See you tomorrow, Lord willing.
A Walk With Jesus Through His Last Week — Sunday
As I mentioned yesterday, this week is sometimes known as “Holy Week” in the larger world of Christendom, so I thought perhaps it might be an interesting topic for this blog to follow Jesus along through the last few days of His physical life on earth. At the end of each day we’ll try to draw some important observations for ourselves.
Jesus’ day on Sunday appears to have started on the other side Jericho, because the first we hear of that day Jesus is passing through Jericho in which He meets a man named Zaccheus. Jesus’ passage through almost any town created a stir, and in Jericho it turned into something like a parade in town with people lining the streets to see the famous rabbi, prophet, healer Jesus. Everybody wanted to see Jesus, including Zaccheus.
But Zaccheus had a special set of problems. Zaccheus was a chief tax collector, meaning that he had other tax gathers under him. He was viewed as a Roman collaborator and traitor to his people and therefore without morals — it was assumed that he cheated and gouged those from whom he collected taxes . Presumably, nobody wanted to make a place for him to see Jesus and be associated with him. To top it off, he was also too short to look over the shoulders of the crowd to get any sort of decent glimpse of Jesus passing through. His only chance to see Jesus was to climb a sycamore tree.
We don’t know what it was that drew Jesus’ attention to Zaccheus, but Jesus noticed him and called him down by name, “Zaccheus, hurry and come down, for today I must stay at your house,” probably for rest and lunch. Zaccheus was surprised and thrilled; and he gladly received Jesus into his home. But just at this point another old problem popped up; anyone he associated with got painted with the same brush of suspicion and shame that stained Zaccheus and every other tax collector. The crowd muttered and disapproved of Jesus going to his house.
Of course, Zaccheus was used to hearing ugly things said behind his back, but this time was different, this time he had been noticed and valued by Jesus. He had been called out by named would be hosting this righteous teacher. It was the perfect time to set things right, so Zaccheus turned to Jesus and, in front of the whole crowd, promised, “…Behold, Lord, half of my possessions I will give to the poor, and if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I will give back four times as much” (Luke 19:8). Zaccheus’ repentance shown in his generous giving to the poor and reparations to anyone he might have cheated prompted Jesus to rejoice, “Today salvation has come to this house, because he, too, is a son of Abraham. For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost.”
As Jesus was leaving Jericho, two blind men called out to Him,“…Lord, have mercy on us, Son of David” (Matthew 20:30). Use of the phrase “Son of David” was tantamount to recognizing Jesus as the Messiah. The crowd tried to discourage them by telling them to leave Jesus alone, but the blind men cried out all the more. Jesus, in compassion, turned aside from His departure for a moment to ask them what they wanted, and He gave them their sight. And they began following Him on the road to Jerusalem.
Jesus continued on His way to Jerusalem. It is about 15 plus miles from Jericho to Jerusalem, but it’s a pretty hard 15 miles — uphill, winding, dusty, narrow, and dangerous. He likely arrived in the Jerusalem area (Bethany) in the latter part of the afternoon. But His day’s events were not yet finished. Jesus sent disciples ahead to find a donkey and colt for him to ride into the city. When His disciples returned with the donkey and colt, they threw their cloaks on the donkey’s and colt’s backs and Jesus rode them down the road that led down the Mount of Olives into the Kidron Valley and on to the city of Jerusalem itself. During this ride into town crowds gathered along the side of the road throwing palm fronds on the road, a traditional symbol of welcome to a triumphant, returning king, and shouting, “Hosanna in the highest!” a cheer that implied a call to God for salvation.
Because of this reception and especially because of the cry, “Hosanna!” some of the Pharisees in the crowd, who thought this to be blasphemy, rebuked Jesus to discourage the people from saying such a thing. Jesus response wasn’t exactly what they expected of a respectable rabbi, “I tell you, if these become silent, the stones will cry out!” — as if say “The whole creation has been practically bursting with excitement to confess my divinity, and you want me to tell these men to hold back?”
As Jesus continued approaching Jerusalem He could see the entire city; her beautiful Temple, its gleaming walls, its palaces, the ancient city of David, and the myriad people in the city (citizens and visitors here for Passover) — and suddenly He was struck by the centuries of sin, disobedience, and faithlessness of its inhabitants that was about to reach its great, dreadful climax in the crucifixion of its Messiah. And struck too by the horrific penalty it would pay in AD 70 for this last foul sin. And Jesus wept over it, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were unwilling” (Matthew 23:37). The word “unwilling” being the most heartbreaking part of all.
As a last act of His very busy day, Jesus went into the Temple itself, but upon entering it, He was greeted with the cacophony and chaos of merchants, money changers, and sharp dealings that belonged in the marketplace rather than house of prayer that it was supposed to be. The chief priests had given these merchants permission — for a price, of course — to set up shop in the court of the Gentiles to change the unclean denarius for a clean shekel for the Temple tax and purchase ritually pure animals for sacrifice. Outraged with this desecration, Jesus began to turn over the tables of money changers and drive the animals out with cords.
There’s so much to learn in these stories
Our Lord, who seeks and saves the lost, never overlooks even one of us — not a Zaccheus, not the blind men in Jericho, and not you or me. You’re not too insignificant, you’re not too sinful, you’re not too hated or despised by others, you’re not too ruined, and you’re not too late, yet. Jesus is not too preoccupied with big problems or important people to see you and hear you. So actively seek Him like Zaccheus, persevere in prayer like the blind men, and you’ll be both heard and found.
Jesus’ answer to the Pharisees, when they rebuked Him for accepting the crowds adulation of “Hosanna!” has always struck me and appealed to me, “I tell you, if these become silent, the stones will cry out!” This theme of inanimate creation crying out their witness of the Creator, groaning and suffering under the curse from the Garden of Eden, or (as here) scarcely being able to be restrained from bursting forth a confession of Jesus’ Godhood is one that you will run across from time to time as you read through Scripture. They are used in Scripture as a means of shaming men in their so-called wisdom and intellect that denies God; even the dumb rocks know better, know their Creator and Redeemer!
And how deeply tragic is the scene of Jesus weeping over Jerusalem. It reminds me of the appeal of God to Israel at an earlier time, “I have spread out My hands all day long to a rebellious people, Who walk in the way which is not good, following their own thoughts (Isaiah 65:2).” The LORD’s appeal to His people to return down through the centuries had only occasionally been heard, and then for only a short time. Jesus’ tears were the tears of a husband (see the book of Hosea) who loves his wife, but whose heart has continually been pierced by her unloving, faithless, rebellious, and wandering ways. And even now, though she would soon “crown” her rebellion with putting Him to death, He still mourned the sure consequences of condemnation that she had so richly earned. The LORD spoke through Ezekiel, “Say to them, ‘As I live!’ declares the Lord GOD, ‘I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked turn from his way and live. Turn back, turn back from your evil ways! Why then will you die, O house of Israel (Ezekiel 33:11)?’”